Genre- Stephen Neale- Repetition and differences.
Lacy's elements of repetoire- Setting, Narrative, Character, Style and iconography
Propp- the role of different characters based on a folks fairy tale.
Narrative- Propps
Todorov
Roland Barthes- Codes- action code, enigma code
Representation- Cohen- moral panic (Folk devils)
Laura Mulvy- Male Gaze and the camera showing the female as an objectification to the audience.
Media Language
con nations and denotation
Propp
Roland Barthe- says that an object is there as a stand in to infer a deeper meaning
Semiotics - signs and symbols (Signifer is the object and the meaning is what is signified)
Audience
Uses and gratifcations-
Metz- The audience don't have to go to the cinema and pay for a ticket therefore there has to be a system that desire them to do this.
Stuart Hall- active participants
Social media- Facebook and twitter
Certificate 15.
Thursday, 4 June 2015
Wednesday, 3 June 2015
Essay plan- Media Language
What is Media Language?
Paragraph 1- Media language encompasses the technical micro-elements used to create meaning these are camera angles, sound, mise-en-scene and editing and uses these to create meaning specific to the macro-elements character, narrative and genre.Media language can also include conventions, visual signs and symbols as a way to communicate its meaning to its audience. The production I will be analyzing is my AS horror film opening which was about a haunted doll who possess a group of youths who thought she was just a rumor.
Paragraph 2- Media language is a broad term which will enable a broad approach to this media text. My horror film opening was constructed through careful planning of codes and conventions that were needed to be followed and challenged.The first approach we took was a character based approach using mise-en-scene to create a particular impression of the youths and the protagonist 'Scarlet' the doll. The youths were dressed in tracksuits, hoodies, smoking, drinking alcohol and using strong language.This gave the message of the stereotypical youths being represented as rebellious and out of control and this visual code was reinforced by the theorist Barthes who argued that the organisation encodes particular messages and ideologies. In this case the ideology is that youths are anxieties to society. In my film opening through several medium shots it shows the denotation of youths holding empty bottles of wine.I can infer from this the con nation of them being drunk and careless. This concept is reinforced by the theorist Fiske 'denotation is what's filmed and con nation is how its filmed'.
Paragraph 3- The theorist Roland Barthes also said that the language of signs used objects to stand in to infer a deeper meaning. The haunted doll swinging on the signifier the swing signified the exposure of childhood and how the innocence had been taken out of it. The diegetic sound of the doll singing 'Ring a ring a roses' is a nursery rhyme which indicates that the doll is a childhood toy and the tone of the sound being very slow and mellow allows the audience to read the song and understand the deeper meaning of it linking to the plague having con nations of death.The make up that we applied to Scarlet the doll was very over exaggerated and was almost seen as a mask. In particular cultures masks are used to allow people to explore personalities of others for example masquerade ball. However in this case the sense of a mask was a way to hide the message of the doll being evil to allow the enigma code of is the doll a villain in this film opening? asked by the audience. The theorist propp adopted the idea of the roles of different characters and this is shown through the youths being the hero's and the doll being the villain. This shows the binary opposites between good and bad which is a message that I was trying to get across.
Paragraph 4- The micro element of editing was shown by linking each shot with the dip to black tool. Also changing the saturation, levels and curves of the flash forward to remove the color and get the eary night time feel to the opening. The reason these were edited in post production was to show the dark and frightening atmosphere to set the scene and allow the audience to recognize that the genre is horror. By also organizing the shots to apply quick paced flashes of the flash forward emphasizes the enigma code that the audience will have a lot of unanswered questions of what is about to happen next.
Paragraph 5- Conclusion- Overall the preferred reading of the horror film opening is that it is a representation of the exposure of childhood and how youths are exposed to evil inferring the world. By using the micro elements of mise-en-scene, sound and editing especially shows the impression of youths being stereotyped and the doll conforming to the convention of evil. Along side this the visual signs and symbols as well as semiontics to illustrate the clear story line. A narrative of a group of youths experiencing a surreal world of evil.
Paragraph 1- Media language encompasses the technical micro-elements used to create meaning these are camera angles, sound, mise-en-scene and editing and uses these to create meaning specific to the macro-elements character, narrative and genre.Media language can also include conventions, visual signs and symbols as a way to communicate its meaning to its audience. The production I will be analyzing is my AS horror film opening which was about a haunted doll who possess a group of youths who thought she was just a rumor.
Paragraph 2- Media language is a broad term which will enable a broad approach to this media text. My horror film opening was constructed through careful planning of codes and conventions that were needed to be followed and challenged.The first approach we took was a character based approach using mise-en-scene to create a particular impression of the youths and the protagonist 'Scarlet' the doll. The youths were dressed in tracksuits, hoodies, smoking, drinking alcohol and using strong language.This gave the message of the stereotypical youths being represented as rebellious and out of control and this visual code was reinforced by the theorist Barthes who argued that the organisation encodes particular messages and ideologies. In this case the ideology is that youths are anxieties to society. In my film opening through several medium shots it shows the denotation of youths holding empty bottles of wine.I can infer from this the con nation of them being drunk and careless. This concept is reinforced by the theorist Fiske 'denotation is what's filmed and con nation is how its filmed'.
Paragraph 3- The theorist Roland Barthes also said that the language of signs used objects to stand in to infer a deeper meaning. The haunted doll swinging on the signifier the swing signified the exposure of childhood and how the innocence had been taken out of it. The diegetic sound of the doll singing 'Ring a ring a roses' is a nursery rhyme which indicates that the doll is a childhood toy and the tone of the sound being very slow and mellow allows the audience to read the song and understand the deeper meaning of it linking to the plague having con nations of death.The make up that we applied to Scarlet the doll was very over exaggerated and was almost seen as a mask. In particular cultures masks are used to allow people to explore personalities of others for example masquerade ball. However in this case the sense of a mask was a way to hide the message of the doll being evil to allow the enigma code of is the doll a villain in this film opening? asked by the audience. The theorist propp adopted the idea of the roles of different characters and this is shown through the youths being the hero's and the doll being the villain. This shows the binary opposites between good and bad which is a message that I was trying to get across.
Paragraph 4- The micro element of editing was shown by linking each shot with the dip to black tool. Also changing the saturation, levels and curves of the flash forward to remove the color and get the eary night time feel to the opening. The reason these were edited in post production was to show the dark and frightening atmosphere to set the scene and allow the audience to recognize that the genre is horror. By also organizing the shots to apply quick paced flashes of the flash forward emphasizes the enigma code that the audience will have a lot of unanswered questions of what is about to happen next.
Paragraph 5- Conclusion- Overall the preferred reading of the horror film opening is that it is a representation of the exposure of childhood and how youths are exposed to evil inferring the world. By using the micro elements of mise-en-scene, sound and editing especially shows the impression of youths being stereotyped and the doll conforming to the convention of evil. Along side this the visual signs and symbols as well as semiontics to illustrate the clear story line. A narrative of a group of youths experiencing a surreal world of evil.
Tuesday, 2 June 2015
Essay plan - representations
What is representation-
Paragraph 1-Representation is the description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way. In my horror film opening Scarlet the representations I have used reflect the micro elements of body language, shot type and costume. My horror film opening is about a doll named Scarlet who slowly possess a group of teenagers who thinks shes just a rumor.
Paragraph 2- In my horror film opening the characters of youths are represented in several different ways. Firstly the representation of youths being associated in relationships and thinking they are one of the most important things as a youth is shown. This representation is reinforced by the theorist Laura Mulvey she claims that they camera position the audience as the male as a way to admire the female body this is known as objectification. In my film opening the female youths are dressed in the costumes of skirts and crop tops that enhance their figure and make them look no more than a convention. The camera angles that are used on the females are one in particular a tilt shot from the bottom upwards. This represents the female to be a sexual figure to the male youth audience. As well as a high angle shot of a youth couple in my film opening showing the female youth to be looking upwards to the male youth. The use of a high angle shot exaggerates the higher status of the male and his dominance to the female.
Paragraph 3- Another representation shown in my horror film opening 'Scarlet' is the representation of youths being out of control and rebellious this is shown through the body language of strong language as well as two male youths pushing each other around causing violence. This representation of youths being 'folk devils' stated by Cohen causing a moral panic is reinforced by the theorist Baudrillard. This is because he says that media represent reality, this simulation leads to position of hyper reality where representations are being based on the producers own representations. Therefore this means that the producers are showing the representation of youths being careless and misbehaved in so many platforms of media as this is their own stereotypes of them and their own anxieties.
Paragraph 4- Further more also in my media text a horror film opening the idea of characters being represented linking to the idea of a fairy tale was reinforced by propps theory of sphere of action.... Villan their connations.... hero their connations..... binary opposites good v evil- Levi Strauss.
Paragraph 5- Cultural hegemony (Gramsic) this theory is reinforced as this theory states how domiant our culterally diverse society is and the characters that I cast reinforces this as Riley(Asian) fleur(sylvkian) white british(female).
Paragraph 6- conclusion
Paragraph 1-Representation is the description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way. In my horror film opening Scarlet the representations I have used reflect the micro elements of body language, shot type and costume. My horror film opening is about a doll named Scarlet who slowly possess a group of teenagers who thinks shes just a rumor.
Paragraph 2- In my horror film opening the characters of youths are represented in several different ways. Firstly the representation of youths being associated in relationships and thinking they are one of the most important things as a youth is shown. This representation is reinforced by the theorist Laura Mulvey she claims that they camera position the audience as the male as a way to admire the female body this is known as objectification. In my film opening the female youths are dressed in the costumes of skirts and crop tops that enhance their figure and make them look no more than a convention. The camera angles that are used on the females are one in particular a tilt shot from the bottom upwards. This represents the female to be a sexual figure to the male youth audience. As well as a high angle shot of a youth couple in my film opening showing the female youth to be looking upwards to the male youth. The use of a high angle shot exaggerates the higher status of the male and his dominance to the female.
Paragraph 3- Another representation shown in my horror film opening 'Scarlet' is the representation of youths being out of control and rebellious this is shown through the body language of strong language as well as two male youths pushing each other around causing violence. This representation of youths being 'folk devils' stated by Cohen causing a moral panic is reinforced by the theorist Baudrillard. This is because he says that media represent reality, this simulation leads to position of hyper reality where representations are being based on the producers own representations. Therefore this means that the producers are showing the representation of youths being careless and misbehaved in so many platforms of media as this is their own stereotypes of them and their own anxieties.
Paragraph 4- Further more also in my media text a horror film opening the idea of characters being represented linking to the idea of a fairy tale was reinforced by propps theory of sphere of action.... Villan their connations.... hero their connations..... binary opposites good v evil- Levi Strauss.
Paragraph 5- Cultural hegemony (Gramsic) this theory is reinforced as this theory states how domiant our culterally diverse society is and the characters that I cast reinforces this as Riley(Asian) fleur(sylvkian) white british(female).
Paragraph 6- conclusion
Monday, 1 June 2015
Essay plan- Audience
Introduction- What does the word audience mean?
The word audience means the assembled spectators or listeners. The audience that my product a horror film opening was aimed at was the certificate 15. My horror film opening is called 'Scarlett' and is about a group of teenagers who get possessed by a doll who they thought was just a rumor. The reason my target audience is a certifcate of 15 is because from further study into the target audience age into horror films the research that I had discovered was strong violence, frequent strong language, brief scenes of sexual violence and drug taking is allowed. I felt that this certificate would fit my horror film opening as all these aspects were briefly used and inferred however the use of weapons and graphical killing scenes were not shown therefore my horror film opening can attract a younger audience. In addition the idea of having youths as the main characters was to allow my target audience of youths to connect more to the characters therefore finding it more interesting to watch.
The youth characters were shown smoking, drinking, using strong language and associated in relationships. This shows that the youths are represented in a negative way and this reinforces the uses and gratification theory. The theory is that audiences actively seek out texts for specific reasons and in this case its to meet the individual needs of personal identity. The representation of youths being rebellious could be reason why other youths are this way as they have a sense of belonging and sense of self.The audience that are influenced by this are active participants which is reinforced by the theorist Stuart Hall. He says that an audience can interpret a text in three different ways: preferred reading, negotiated meaning and op positional reading. This example would make the audience come under the preferred reading as they are influenced by the youth stereotype and this is the intended meaning by the producer.
During my research and planning the key elements were taken into acount to gain audience feedback and these were: the title of my horror film opening, color schemes, characters and plot line. To begin with me and my production group chose to do a vote with youths who were 15+ this allowed the title decision and characters to be made by our target audience. Therefore the two decisions that were made were......these came from the audience making the film more to their interest.The importance of gaining audience feedback from a vote as well as putting this on the social media Facebook was reinforced by the theorist Metz. This is because Metz brings to our attention that no one is forced to go to the cinema and pay for a ticket therefore a system has to be set up so that the spectator has desire to do this. I also published the drafts of the horror film opening 'Scarlet' onto the social media sight Facebook this was to receive feedback on improvements and one was the pace of the shots. I therefore used the razor tool to separate shots and removed a few to make the pace more intense to satisfy my audience.
Furthermore the elements of the plot line was reinforced by the narrative theorist todorov and from further research into the plot lines of horror films this theory was a convention always used. Todorovs 5 stage theory of equillbrium, disruption, recongising the distruption, an attempt to fix this and a new equilibrium........ This plot line was chosen as the target audience of my film opening will know what to expect before they watch this film opening therefore not wasting their money. Lastly the color schemes being chosen to attract the audience as the color red and black was mainly used. This is because red has the connation of blood therefore the audience by seeing the color scheme of the film will instantly know the genre is horror.
Conclusion.
The word audience means the assembled spectators or listeners. The audience that my product a horror film opening was aimed at was the certificate 15. My horror film opening is called 'Scarlett' and is about a group of teenagers who get possessed by a doll who they thought was just a rumor. The reason my target audience is a certifcate of 15 is because from further study into the target audience age into horror films the research that I had discovered was strong violence, frequent strong language, brief scenes of sexual violence and drug taking is allowed. I felt that this certificate would fit my horror film opening as all these aspects were briefly used and inferred however the use of weapons and graphical killing scenes were not shown therefore my horror film opening can attract a younger audience. In addition the idea of having youths as the main characters was to allow my target audience of youths to connect more to the characters therefore finding it more interesting to watch.
The youth characters were shown smoking, drinking, using strong language and associated in relationships. This shows that the youths are represented in a negative way and this reinforces the uses and gratification theory. The theory is that audiences actively seek out texts for specific reasons and in this case its to meet the individual needs of personal identity. The representation of youths being rebellious could be reason why other youths are this way as they have a sense of belonging and sense of self.The audience that are influenced by this are active participants which is reinforced by the theorist Stuart Hall. He says that an audience can interpret a text in three different ways: preferred reading, negotiated meaning and op positional reading. This example would make the audience come under the preferred reading as they are influenced by the youth stereotype and this is the intended meaning by the producer.
During my research and planning the key elements were taken into acount to gain audience feedback and these were: the title of my horror film opening, color schemes, characters and plot line. To begin with me and my production group chose to do a vote with youths who were 15+ this allowed the title decision and characters to be made by our target audience. Therefore the two decisions that were made were......these came from the audience making the film more to their interest.The importance of gaining audience feedback from a vote as well as putting this on the social media Facebook was reinforced by the theorist Metz. This is because Metz brings to our attention that no one is forced to go to the cinema and pay for a ticket therefore a system has to be set up so that the spectator has desire to do this. I also published the drafts of the horror film opening 'Scarlet' onto the social media sight Facebook this was to receive feedback on improvements and one was the pace of the shots. I therefore used the razor tool to separate shots and removed a few to make the pace more intense to satisfy my audience.
Furthermore the elements of the plot line was reinforced by the narrative theorist todorov and from further research into the plot lines of horror films this theory was a convention always used. Todorovs 5 stage theory of equillbrium, disruption, recongising the distruption, an attempt to fix this and a new equilibrium........ This plot line was chosen as the target audience of my film opening will know what to expect before they watch this film opening therefore not wasting their money. Lastly the color schemes being chosen to attract the audience as the color red and black was mainly used. This is because red has the connation of blood therefore the audience by seeing the color scheme of the film will instantly know the genre is horror.
Conclusion.
Thursday, 28 May 2015
Essay plan- narrative
Introduction- What is narrative?
The narrative is the way a story is told and the story is the bare essentials that can not be reduced any further. A lot of narrative theory that we use in the media has come from narrative analyse in literacy. This will cover aspects such as genre, character, form and time.
The coursework that I will be analyzing the narrative in is the horror film opening 'Scarlett' and this film opening was about an evil doll who gradually possess a group of youths who think she is just a rumor.
Paragraph 1- Because my film opening was the beginning of the story the type of narrative that my horror film opening comes under is the 'open' narrative and this is where the audience is left to wonder what happens next. This is supported by the enigma code reinforced by Roland Barthes and this code intises the audience in more as they have questions that are unanswered. For example in my film opening a question could be are the youths possessed? where have they gone?. The enigma code in my film opening is best shown in the flash back.
Paragraph 2- Time is very important in narratives and this can be easily shown with the use of a flash forward.. The idea of flash forwards in the narrative is a way to manipulate time to not make it real. In my horror film opening 'Scarlet' I used the idea of a flash back by filming it with the night vision button and editing it too a slight saturation of yellow to give it that surreal look to it. The flash forward was one of the key stages of Todorovs five stage narrative which I followed. This was shown because The equilibrium was shown at the start of the film opening showing medium shots of the youths hanging around in the park drinking representing the stereotypical rebellious ideology. This then lead to the disruption which was a the flash forward into time showing the protagonist 'Scarlet' harassing the youth playing the part of 'Riley'. The disruption was recognized by Riley screaming and shouting help including fast close up shots to create an intense and anxious atmosphere. In addition the attempt to repair the damage was when the film opening came back to real time and the youths were very clear at trying to convince themselves that the rumors they had heard weren't true allowing the new equilibrium to be the youths going back to socializing in the park.
Paragraph 3- Claude Levi-Strauss theory of binary opposites was reinforced in the planning of my characters in my horror film opening.This is because I chose the binary opposites of good v evil. The idea of good v evil is also a main connatation of horror
Paragraph 4- reinforcing this even more is the codes and conventions of Roland Barthes theory being enigma code, action code and semic code being the three codes that are used a lot in my film opening.
Paragraph 5- conclusion.
The narrative is the way a story is told and the story is the bare essentials that can not be reduced any further. A lot of narrative theory that we use in the media has come from narrative analyse in literacy. This will cover aspects such as genre, character, form and time.
The coursework that I will be analyzing the narrative in is the horror film opening 'Scarlett' and this film opening was about an evil doll who gradually possess a group of youths who think she is just a rumor.
Paragraph 1- Because my film opening was the beginning of the story the type of narrative that my horror film opening comes under is the 'open' narrative and this is where the audience is left to wonder what happens next. This is supported by the enigma code reinforced by Roland Barthes and this code intises the audience in more as they have questions that are unanswered. For example in my film opening a question could be are the youths possessed? where have they gone?. The enigma code in my film opening is best shown in the flash back.
Paragraph 2- Time is very important in narratives and this can be easily shown with the use of a flash forward.. The idea of flash forwards in the narrative is a way to manipulate time to not make it real. In my horror film opening 'Scarlet' I used the idea of a flash back by filming it with the night vision button and editing it too a slight saturation of yellow to give it that surreal look to it. The flash forward was one of the key stages of Todorovs five stage narrative which I followed. This was shown because The equilibrium was shown at the start of the film opening showing medium shots of the youths hanging around in the park drinking representing the stereotypical rebellious ideology. This then lead to the disruption which was a the flash forward into time showing the protagonist 'Scarlet' harassing the youth playing the part of 'Riley'. The disruption was recognized by Riley screaming and shouting help including fast close up shots to create an intense and anxious atmosphere. In addition the attempt to repair the damage was when the film opening came back to real time and the youths were very clear at trying to convince themselves that the rumors they had heard weren't true allowing the new equilibrium to be the youths going back to socializing in the park.
Paragraph 3- Claude Levi-Strauss theory of binary opposites was reinforced in the planning of my characters in my horror film opening.This is because I chose the binary opposites of good v evil. The idea of good v evil is also a main connatation of horror
Paragraph 4- reinforcing this even more is the codes and conventions of Roland Barthes theory being enigma code, action code and semic code being the three codes that are used a lot in my film opening.
Paragraph 5- conclusion.
Tuesday, 26 May 2015
Essay Plan- Collective Identity
Introduction- Define what collective identity is or mediation depending on the question. Also talk about the social group (Youth) and how the media impact this representation.
What is collective identity?
Collective Identity refers to the sense of belonging in a group, The identity of the group becomes a part of someones individual identity for example from participating in social activities.
What is mediation?
Mediation is the process in which every indivudal shot goes through to meet the final cut for example film. The three stages that shots go through to be mediated are selection, organisation and focus. Expand from these three stages using a brief example (London riots).
Paragraph 1- Begin with the examples from (Historical) and (Contemporary) explaining the way they are represented use examples from the films. Link these representations with the theorist Giroux - he argues that youth is an 'Empty category' this is because its the middle class adults who create the representation not youths therefore the creation made is from their perspective not the youths perspective. This is evidence through the examples written above for both historical and contemporary. The idea of the creation of an empty category reflects the anxieties and concerns of adults of youths.
Paragraph 2- Dominant ideology- the representations of youths being in a gang is a dominant ideology in all the sources I have looked at. This statement was said by the theorist Tajfel and Turner and this is known as the social identity theory. They suggested that social identity was established through categorisation from representing their social group through music and fashion. This is shown in: This is England, Ill manors, Qdadraphenia, London riots and Young apprentice. This is to create a sense of belonging linking back to definition of (collective identity).
This is England- Ben Sherman shirts and Doc Martins, Qdadraphenia- Rockers- leather jackets and motor bikes, Mods- Parker coats and the scooters, Ill manors and London riots- Hoodies and tracksuits, Young apprentice- Formal uniform.
Expand on this and say that this theory can lead to conflict- for example the Mods and the rockers.
Paragraph 3- The theorist Cohen (1972) studied the media response the mods and rockers. This example was used to show the moral panic that this representation of youths created. Explain all the representations in all the sources were sensationalised so much to make adults panic.
Paragraph 4- The stereotype of youths wearing 'Hoodies' and this causes society to be intimated making this a representation for youths. Explain how the London riots shows this negative representation and how the news report has been mediated. For example the shot from the police officers point of view was selected to put more impact on the representation of youths being out of control and makes them look disrespectful to higher status adults. Also the focus on the appearance of the youths in the interview where the producers directed them to cover their faces with hoodies and scarfs as the didn't want to be recognised. This enhanced the intimidating representation that the media have already portrayed.
Paragraph 5- Expanding on the point of youths being represented as the overpowering figures. This is reinforced by the theorist Gramsci. Gramsci developed the concept of cultural hegemony. The dominant group (middle aged men) are the ones who include their view point and embed it in the media.
This is shown in the News report London riots as the camera angles were shown to see the police officers trying to protect themselves from the crime showing this as 'Normal' and the youths from the perspective of attacking violently showing this as unacceptable to society.
Gramsic see's cultural hegemony as a struggle of debating whats not acceptable.
Paragraph 6- However in the contemporary documentary 'Young apprentice' it challenges the representation of youths being 'thugs' as they represent youths to be: intelligent, ambitious and polite. When they say 'yes Lord Sugar' and 'Good morning Lord Sugar' showing politeness features. Also the televised shots having titles for each youth exaggerating the experience they have to exgerrate their intelligence. However because the majority of the representations are negative this representation of youths gets dismissed.
Paragraph 7- Self representation - On the other hand, Chandler the music video exposing youth to succide and drugs. Representatating youths to be associated with this. Other youths were creating a parody representing it by sharing it on web 2.0 allowing this to be uploaded to youtube feeling part of something reinforcing the Jenkins theory of paticipartical. As well as the theorist Giddens who said that mediated experiences make them reflect their own self narrative in relation to others. This is shown as a lot of youths had re created the dance in this video to gain a sense of belonging in their experience. Self representation was used in the selfie where the youth female took a selfie smiling in front of the German Concentration camp. She represented herself smiling without taking into account that this photograph could be seen as disrespectful. However this selfie could be represented as youths being interested in the history and by the youth visiting shows her interest in it.
Conclusion - As a youth myself the experiences I have been through to an extent reflect the way media portray us and the identity I have formed is through having a sense of belonging in a friendship group. From all the analyse I have done I have learnt how important representation is and how sensationalised it is which affects the audience as they will react differently to youths because of the negative represents
they have been given especially.
What is collective identity?
Collective Identity refers to the sense of belonging in a group, The identity of the group becomes a part of someones individual identity for example from participating in social activities.
What is mediation?
Mediation is the process in which every indivudal shot goes through to meet the final cut for example film. The three stages that shots go through to be mediated are selection, organisation and focus. Expand from these three stages using a brief example (London riots).
Paragraph 1- Begin with the examples from (Historical) and (Contemporary) explaining the way they are represented use examples from the films. Link these representations with the theorist Giroux - he argues that youth is an 'Empty category' this is because its the middle class adults who create the representation not youths therefore the creation made is from their perspective not the youths perspective. This is evidence through the examples written above for both historical and contemporary. The idea of the creation of an empty category reflects the anxieties and concerns of adults of youths.
Paragraph 2- Dominant ideology- the representations of youths being in a gang is a dominant ideology in all the sources I have looked at. This statement was said by the theorist Tajfel and Turner and this is known as the social identity theory. They suggested that social identity was established through categorisation from representing their social group through music and fashion. This is shown in: This is England, Ill manors, Qdadraphenia, London riots and Young apprentice. This is to create a sense of belonging linking back to definition of (collective identity).
This is England- Ben Sherman shirts and Doc Martins, Qdadraphenia- Rockers- leather jackets and motor bikes, Mods- Parker coats and the scooters, Ill manors and London riots- Hoodies and tracksuits, Young apprentice- Formal uniform.
Expand on this and say that this theory can lead to conflict- for example the Mods and the rockers.
Paragraph 3- The theorist Cohen (1972) studied the media response the mods and rockers. This example was used to show the moral panic that this representation of youths created. Explain all the representations in all the sources were sensationalised so much to make adults panic.
Paragraph 4- The stereotype of youths wearing 'Hoodies' and this causes society to be intimated making this a representation for youths. Explain how the London riots shows this negative representation and how the news report has been mediated. For example the shot from the police officers point of view was selected to put more impact on the representation of youths being out of control and makes them look disrespectful to higher status adults. Also the focus on the appearance of the youths in the interview where the producers directed them to cover their faces with hoodies and scarfs as the didn't want to be recognised. This enhanced the intimidating representation that the media have already portrayed.
Paragraph 5- Expanding on the point of youths being represented as the overpowering figures. This is reinforced by the theorist Gramsci. Gramsci developed the concept of cultural hegemony. The dominant group (middle aged men) are the ones who include their view point and embed it in the media.
This is shown in the News report London riots as the camera angles were shown to see the police officers trying to protect themselves from the crime showing this as 'Normal' and the youths from the perspective of attacking violently showing this as unacceptable to society.
Gramsic see's cultural hegemony as a struggle of debating whats not acceptable.
Paragraph 6- However in the contemporary documentary 'Young apprentice' it challenges the representation of youths being 'thugs' as they represent youths to be: intelligent, ambitious and polite. When they say 'yes Lord Sugar' and 'Good morning Lord Sugar' showing politeness features. Also the televised shots having titles for each youth exaggerating the experience they have to exgerrate their intelligence. However because the majority of the representations are negative this representation of youths gets dismissed.
Paragraph 7- Self representation - On the other hand, Chandler the music video exposing youth to succide and drugs. Representatating youths to be associated with this. Other youths were creating a parody representing it by sharing it on web 2.0 allowing this to be uploaded to youtube feeling part of something reinforcing the Jenkins theory of paticipartical. As well as the theorist Giddens who said that mediated experiences make them reflect their own self narrative in relation to others. This is shown as a lot of youths had re created the dance in this video to gain a sense of belonging in their experience. Self representation was used in the selfie where the youth female took a selfie smiling in front of the German Concentration camp. She represented herself smiling without taking into account that this photograph could be seen as disrespectful. However this selfie could be represented as youths being interested in the history and by the youth visiting shows her interest in it.
Conclusion - As a youth myself the experiences I have been through to an extent reflect the way media portray us and the identity I have formed is through having a sense of belonging in a friendship group. From all the analyse I have done I have learnt how important representation is and how sensationalised it is which affects the audience as they will react differently to youths because of the negative represents
they have been given especially.
Tuesday, 19 May 2015
Question 1b
What is Genre-
The word genre means 'kind' or 'class' and is a way of grouping texts together.
Theorists:
Steve Neale (1980) He declares that genre are instances of repetition and differences. He also said that difference is essential in the economy of genre.
Lacy's repertoire of elements.
Lacy considers that these are a repertoire of elements that work together to suggest genre.
Setting
Character
Iconography- the main signs you see and hear for example screaming
Style
Narrative
Gledhill (1985)
Differences between genre means the different audiences could be identified and catered to this made it easier to standerdise and stabilise production.
Narrative
The word narrative is the way the different elements in a story are organised to make a meanful story.
Todorov- He argues that narratives always have a structure of equilibrium, dis equillbrium and a new equilibrium.
Roland Barthes- He states the idea of the enigma code, action code and also open and closed text.
Claude Levi- Strauss- argues that human culture understanding is based on a system of binary opposites for example good/white black/white.
Representation
The word representation means the description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way.
Laura Mulvey
The word genre means 'kind' or 'class' and is a way of grouping texts together.
Theorists:
Steve Neale (1980) He declares that genre are instances of repetition and differences. He also said that difference is essential in the economy of genre.
Lacy's repertoire of elements.
Lacy considers that these are a repertoire of elements that work together to suggest genre.
Setting
Character
Iconography- the main signs you see and hear for example screaming
Style
Narrative
Gledhill (1985)
Differences between genre means the different audiences could be identified and catered to this made it easier to standerdise and stabilise production.
Narrative
The word narrative is the way the different elements in a story are organised to make a meanful story.
Todorov- He argues that narratives always have a structure of equilibrium, dis equillbrium and a new equilibrium.
Roland Barthes- He states the idea of the enigma code, action code and also open and closed text.
Claude Levi- Strauss- argues that human culture understanding is based on a system of binary opposites for example good/white black/white.
Representation
The word representation means the description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way.
Laura Mulvey
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